Spotting a real gemstone from a fake can be tricky, especially with the rise of convincing imitations. Whether you’re buying a special piece of jewellery or appraising an inherited gem, knowing how to tell the real deal from a counterfeit can save you both money and heartache. Real gemstones possess unique qualities that set them apart from their synthetic or fake counterparts. By understanding these differences, you can make informed decisions and feel confident in your purchases.
One of the easiest ways to differentiate real gemstones from fakes is through visual inspection. Although not foolproof, examining the colour, clarity, cut, and sparkle of a stone can offer valuable clues about its authenticity. Real gems typically display a depth and richness that fakes often lack.
In addition to visual checks, there are also simple physical tests you can perform at home to help determine a gemstone’s authenticity. These tests include assessing the stone’s hardness, checking for natural inclusions, and observing how it reacts to changes in temperature.
It’s also wise to consider certification and documentation when purchasing gemstones. Recognised gem labs provide certificates that detail a stone’s properties and confirm its authenticity. Finally, being aware of common tricks used to deceive buyers, such as doublets and composite stones, can help you avoid falling for fake gems.
Visual Clues to Identify Real Gemstones
Colour and Clarity
Real gemstones have natural variations in colour and clarity that make them unique. When looking at a gemstone, check if the colour appears too perfect. Natural gems often have slight imperfections, unlike synthetic ones, which are typically flawless. For example, a real emerald may have tiny inclusions or colour variations that add to its character. Be wary of stones that look too uniform as this could indicate they are man-made.
Cut and Shape
The way a gemstone is cut and shaped can also give clues about its authenticity. Genuine gemstones are usually cut to maximise their natural beauty, even if it means sacrificing some carat weight. Real gems often have slight irregularities in their shape. Synthetic gemstones might appear too perfect and symmetrical, as they are often cut to optimise appearance over authenticity.
Sparkle and Light Reflection
One of the most enchanting qualities of a gemstone is its sparkle. Real gems typically have a distinct way of reflecting light that fakes often cannot replicate. Diamonds, for example, have a unique sparkle called “fire,” where they break light into a spectrum of colours. Comparing how light moves through the stone can help determine if it is real. Imitation gems might look dull or overly flashy in a way that doesn’t match the genuine article.
Physical Tests to Determine Authenticity
Hardness Test
A simple method to check a gemstone’s authenticity is the hardness test. Real gemstones each have a specific hardness level, measured on the Mohs scale. For instance, a diamond is the hardest, scoring a 10, while a sapphire hits a 9. You can use a scratch test kit to see if the gemstone resists scratching. If it scratches too easily, it might be a fake or a softer material imitating a harder gem.
Check for Inclusions
Inclusions are tiny imperfections inside a gemstone, and they are common in natural stones. Use a magnifying glass or jeweller’s loupe to inspect the gemstone closely. Natural inclusions might look like little bubbles, lines, or other small irregularities. These inclusions are part of what makes each gemstone unique. Synthetic stones usually lack these natural flaws or have more uniform, machine-made inclusions.
Heat and Cold Sensitivity
Natural gemstones often have specific reactions to changes in temperature. For example, they may feel cooler to the touch when exposed to cold or heat. Try breathing on the stone. Real gems will typically clear up quickly as they dissipate heat or cold faster. Additionally, some fake gemstones might even crack or get damaged when exposed to sudden temperature shifts, while natural ones would remain intact.
Certification and Documentation
Importance of Certificates
When it comes to determining the authenticity of a gemstone, having a certificate is crucial. These certificates offer a detailed analysis of the gem, including its origin, treatment history, and quality. A certificate from a reputable gemological lab guarantees you’re buying a real gemstone. This documentation provides peace of mind and protects your investment. It’s a good idea to request a certificate whenever purchasing a gemstone of significant value.
Recognised Gem Labs
Not all gem labs are created equal. Some of the most recognised and trusted labs include the Gemological Institute of America (GIA), the International Gemological Institute (IGI), and the American Gem Society (AGS). These institutions follow strict standards for evaluating gemstones. When you see a certificate from a respected lab, you can trust the information provided. Always check for the lab’s reputation to ensure you’re getting accurate results.
What to Look for in Documentation
When you get a certificate, there are key details you should look for. Check the stone’s weight, measurements, and any treatments it has undergone. The certificate should also include a clear description of the stone’s colour, clarity, and cut. Make sure the document is tamper-proof, with holograms or seals that indicate its authenticity. Understanding these details helps you confirm the gemstone’s true value and authenticity.
Common Fake Gemstone Tricks
Doublets and Triplets
Doublets and triplets are two common tricks used to create fake gemstones. A doublet consists of two different materials fused together, usually a thin layer of real gemstone on top with another material like glass or plastic below. A triplet adds a third layer, often a protective cap. These composites look convincing but don’t have the same value as a whole, natural stone. Examining the gemstone from the side might reveal these layers, giving away its true nature.
Composite Stones
Composite stones are another trick to watch out for. These are made by gluing together smaller pieces of a gemstone to make a larger, more impressive stone. They’re often dyed or treated to enhance their appearance. The glue lines might be visible under magnification, revealing the stone isn’t a single, natural piece. These stones can look attractive but lack the integrity and value of a whole gemstone.
Synthetic Versus Natural Gemstones
Synthetic gemstones are made in a lab and have the same chemical composition as natural stones but are generally less valuable. They can be tricky to spot because they often look perfect, lacking the natural inclusions and imperfections that give real gems their character. To identify a synthetic stone, look for tell-tale signs of lab growth, such as curved colour banding or gas bubbles. A certificate from a reputable gem lab can also indicate whether a gemstone is natural or synthetic.
Final Thoughts
Having the skills to differentiate real gemstones from fakes is incredibly valuable, especially when making significant purchases. By paying attention to visual clues, you can better gauge the authenticity of a gem. Simple physical tests, certification, and understanding common tricks can further help in identifying genuine stones.
Investing in real gemstones requires a bit of know-how, but the rewards are worth it. These gems are not just beautiful; they hold value and significance. At Maura Gems and Jewellery Co Ltd, we understand the importance of authenticity and quality. Explore our website to explore our exquisite collection of gemstones and jewellery. Whether you’re looking for custom-made pieces or high-quality affiliate products, we’re here to help you make informed and confident choices.
